Bentuk Pronoun dalam
Soal TOEFL
Pronoun atau kata ganti adalah kata yang
menggantikan kata benda atau frasa benda. Ada beragam bentuk pronoun dan
fungsinya dalam bahasa Inggris. Hal ini dapat dijadikan strategi untuk
menganalisa soal pada bagian Structure and Written Expression ketika menghadapi tes TOEFL.
Jenis Pronoun
Ada beberapa jenis pronoun, yaitu:
1.
Personal pronoun sebagai subjek:
Yaitu I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they.
Contoh:
• I go to school early.
• She had breakfast an hour ago.
Contoh:
• I go to school early.
• She had breakfast an hour ago.
2.
Personal pronoun sebagai objek:
Yaitu me, you, him, her, it, us, dan them.
Contoh:
• Ali visited me.
• He went to Jakarta with them.
Contoh:
• Ali visited me.
• He went to Jakarta with them.
3.
Possessive adjective
Yaitu my, your, his, her, its, our, dan their.
Possessive adjective bisa berfungsi sebagai objek juga sebagai subjek, tetapi tidak berdiri sendiri.
Contoh:
• My mother went to Mecca. (subjek)
• I visited our grandmother. (objek)
Possessive adjective bisa berfungsi sebagai objek juga sebagai subjek, tetapi tidak berdiri sendiri.
Contoh:
• My mother went to Mecca. (subjek)
• I visited our grandmother. (objek)
4.
Possessive pronoun
Yaitu mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, dan theirs.
Possessive pronoun merupakan kata ganti kepunyaan yang berdiri sendiri (tidak diikuti kata benda).
Contoh:
• This big house is theirs.
• Tina is a friend of mine.
Possessive pronoun merupakan kata ganti kepunyaan yang berdiri sendiri (tidak diikuti kata benda).
Contoh:
• This big house is theirs.
• Tina is a friend of mine.
5.
Reflexive/emphatic pronoun
Yaitu myself, yourself, himself, herself,
itself, ourselves, dan themselves.
Reflexive pronoun digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang tanpa disadari (gerakan refleks).
Contoh:
• When I was cutting bread, I cut myself.
• She looks at herself in the looking glass.
Emphatic pronoun self form digunakan untuk menegaskan (to emphasize) arti kata.
Contoh:
• I myself got to the office. (saya sendiri)
• He himself made the boat. (dialah sendiri)
• He made the boat itself. (hanya perahu yang dia buat)
Reflexive pronoun digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang tanpa disadari (gerakan refleks).
Contoh:
• When I was cutting bread, I cut myself.
• She looks at herself in the looking glass.
Emphatic pronoun self form digunakan untuk menegaskan (to emphasize) arti kata.
Contoh:
• I myself got to the office. (saya sendiri)
• He himself made the boat. (dialah sendiri)
• He made the boat itself. (hanya perahu yang dia buat)
Relative Proronoun
|
Position
|
Person
|
Thing
|
|
Subject
|
who
|
that
|
|
Possessive
|
whose
|
of which the
|
|
Object
|
whom/that
|
that/which
|
|
Preposition
|
whom [preposition]
|
which [preposition]
|
Contoh:
Subject:
1) The man is my uncle. He is wearing a cap.
The man who is wearing a cap is my uncle.
2) The woman is my mother. She went to Mecca.
The woman who went to Mecca is my mother.
Object
1) The girl is my friend. I saw her last night.
The girl whom I saw last night is my friend.
2) The boy is naughty. The teacher punished him.
The boy whom the teacher punished is naughty.
Possesive
1) The girl has left the room. I want to talk to her mother.
The girl whose mother I want to talk to has left the room.
Preposition
1) The man is generous. I borrowed the car from him.
The man from whom I borrowed the car is generous.
1) The man is my uncle. He is wearing a cap.
The man who is wearing a cap is my uncle.
2) The woman is my mother. She went to Mecca.
The woman who went to Mecca is my mother.
Object
1) The girl is my friend. I saw her last night.
The girl whom I saw last night is my friend.
2) The boy is naughty. The teacher punished him.
The boy whom the teacher punished is naughty.
Possesive
1) The girl has left the room. I want to talk to her mother.
The girl whose mother I want to talk to has left the room.
Preposition
1) The man is generous. I borrowed the car from him.
The man from whom I borrowed the car is generous.
CONTOH
1. She would like to live in Indonesia, ______
it never snows.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
Jawaban : B
Keyword : Indonesia
Pembahasan : Karena Indonesia adalah nama tempat, kata untuk menggantikan tempat adalah where.
2. The man is an engineer. His wife had a birthday party yesterday.
The best combination of the two sentences is ______.
A. The wife who is an engineer had a birthday party yesterday
B. The wife who had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer
C. The man whose wife had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer
D. The man whose wife is an engineer had a birthday party yesterday
Jawaban : C
Keyword : His wife
Pembahasan : Kata ganti kepunyaan adalah whose. Jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah The man whose wife had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer.
3. Tari : Why do you admire Mother Teresa so much?
Susi : Don’t you know that she was the woman ______.
A. that she didn’t recognize me
B. who dedicated her life to the poor
C. whom the governor met at the party
D. of which house was very expensive
Jawaban : B
Keyword : the woman
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang tepat untuk the woman (subjek orang) adalah who.
4. A friend of mine ______ father is the manager of a company helped me to get a job.
A. whose
B. whom
C. which
D. who
Jawaban : A
Keyword : A friend of mine; father
Pembahasan : Kata yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah whose yang berarti “yang …nya” (yang ayahnya).
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
Jawaban : B
Keyword : Indonesia
Pembahasan : Karena Indonesia adalah nama tempat, kata untuk menggantikan tempat adalah where.
2. The man is an engineer. His wife had a birthday party yesterday.
The best combination of the two sentences is ______.
A. The wife who is an engineer had a birthday party yesterday
B. The wife who had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer
C. The man whose wife had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer
D. The man whose wife is an engineer had a birthday party yesterday
Jawaban : C
Keyword : His wife
Pembahasan : Kata ganti kepunyaan adalah whose. Jadi pilihan yang tepat adalah The man whose wife had a birthday party yesterday is an engineer.
3. Tari : Why do you admire Mother Teresa so much?
Susi : Don’t you know that she was the woman ______.
A. that she didn’t recognize me
B. who dedicated her life to the poor
C. whom the governor met at the party
D. of which house was very expensive
Jawaban : B
Keyword : the woman
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang tepat untuk the woman (subjek orang) adalah who.
4. A friend of mine ______ father is the manager of a company helped me to get a job.
A. whose
B. whom
C. which
D. who
Jawaban : A
Keyword : A friend of mine; father
Pembahasan : Kata yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah whose yang berarti “yang …nya” (yang ayahnya).
5. Eko : “Which is your mother, Lily?”
Lily : “There she is; the one ______ is coming here.”
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
Jawaban : A
Keyword : she
Pembahasan : Kata the one merujuk pada your mother yang berfungsi sebagai subjek dalam kalimat. Kata ganti subjek orang adalah who.
6. Mary introduced me to her former lecturer _____ she married after she had graduated.
A. of whom
B. whose
C. of which
D. whom
Jawaban : D
Keyword : her former lecturer; she married
Pembahasan : Kata ganti whom digunakan untuk menggantikan objek orang (her former lecturer).
7. Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found _____ higher plants can survive.
A. There
B. Wherever
C. Somewhere
D. Then
Jawaban : B
Keyword : may be found
Pembahasan : Karena mengacu pada diverse environments yang menunjukkan tempat, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah wherever.
8. _____ hardiness, daylilies can be cultivated particularly easily.
A. Their
B. Since their
C. It is their
D. Because of their
Jawaban : D
Keyword : hardiness
Pembahasan : Karena mengacu pada daylilies yang berbentuk jamak, maka kata ganti yang digunakan adalah their.
9. The spiral threads of a spider’s web have sticky substance on them _____ insects.
A. Traps
B. Trap its
C. Which traps
D. Which it traps
Jawaban : C
Keyword : sticky substance
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang dibutuhkan merujuk pada sticky substance. Karena rujukannya adalah benda, maka kata yang tepat adalah which.
10. The Good Earth, _____ is a novel set in China.
A. Which by Pearl Buck
B. Which was written by Pearl Buck
C. Was written by Pearl Buck
D. Pearl Buck being the one who wrote it
Jawaban : B
Keyword : The Good Earth
Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan The Good Earth yang merupakan judul novel/nama benda, maka relative pronoun yang digunakan adalah which.
11. State universities bear the name of their state, and its achievements are recognized as state achievements.
Jawaban : C
Keyword : State universities
Pembahasan : Karena state universities adalah benda jamak, maka penggunaan kata ganti it tidak tepat. Seharusnya yang digunakan adalah their.
12. The Pilgrims were 102 English emigrants whom, after arriving on the Mayflower, became the firstEuropean settlers in New England.
Jawaban : A
Keyword : emigrants
Pembahasan : Karena adjective clause pada kalimat tersebut sebagai pengganti subjek untuk orang, maka seharusnya yang digunakan adalah who, bukan whom.
13. When them strike, the cobras raise themselves high above the ground on their tails and then fall forward.
Jawaban : A
Keyword : when them strike
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang diperlukan pada kalimat ini seharusnya kata ganti untuk subjek. Jadi them tidak tepat karena merupakan kata ganti untuk objek. Seharusnya yang digunakan adalah they.
14. Quasars, which relatively small objects, emit an enormous amount of energy.
Jawaban : A
Keyword : which relatively
Pembahasan : Karena adjective clause harus dalam bentuk klausa, seharusnya which are relatively.
15. The philanthropist did not feel sad when he donated his only to the museum.
Jawaban : D
Keyword : his only to the museum
Pembahasan : Possessive adjective harus diikuti noun. Jadi pilihan yang mungkin adalah his only money.
Lily : “There she is; the one ______ is coming here.”
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
Jawaban : A
Keyword : she
Pembahasan : Kata the one merujuk pada your mother yang berfungsi sebagai subjek dalam kalimat. Kata ganti subjek orang adalah who.
6. Mary introduced me to her former lecturer _____ she married after she had graduated.
A. of whom
B. whose
C. of which
D. whom
Jawaban : D
Keyword : her former lecturer; she married
Pembahasan : Kata ganti whom digunakan untuk menggantikan objek orang (her former lecturer).
7. Angiosperms inhabit relatively diverse environments and may be found _____ higher plants can survive.
A. There
B. Wherever
C. Somewhere
D. Then
Jawaban : B
Keyword : may be found
Pembahasan : Karena mengacu pada diverse environments yang menunjukkan tempat, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah wherever.
8. _____ hardiness, daylilies can be cultivated particularly easily.
A. Their
B. Since their
C. It is their
D. Because of their
Jawaban : D
Keyword : hardiness
Pembahasan : Karena mengacu pada daylilies yang berbentuk jamak, maka kata ganti yang digunakan adalah their.
9. The spiral threads of a spider’s web have sticky substance on them _____ insects.
A. Traps
B. Trap its
C. Which traps
D. Which it traps
Jawaban : C
Keyword : sticky substance
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang dibutuhkan merujuk pada sticky substance. Karena rujukannya adalah benda, maka kata yang tepat adalah which.
10. The Good Earth, _____ is a novel set in China.
A. Which by Pearl Buck
B. Which was written by Pearl Buck
C. Was written by Pearl Buck
D. Pearl Buck being the one who wrote it
Jawaban : B
Keyword : The Good Earth
Pembahasan : Karena menerangkan The Good Earth yang merupakan judul novel/nama benda, maka relative pronoun yang digunakan adalah which.
11. State universities bear the name of their state, and its achievements are recognized as state achievements.
Jawaban : C
Keyword : State universities
Pembahasan : Karena state universities adalah benda jamak, maka penggunaan kata ganti it tidak tepat. Seharusnya yang digunakan adalah their.
12. The Pilgrims were 102 English emigrants whom, after arriving on the Mayflower, became the firstEuropean settlers in New England.
Jawaban : A
Keyword : emigrants
Pembahasan : Karena adjective clause pada kalimat tersebut sebagai pengganti subjek untuk orang, maka seharusnya yang digunakan adalah who, bukan whom.
13. When them strike, the cobras raise themselves high above the ground on their tails and then fall forward.
Jawaban : A
Keyword : when them strike
Pembahasan : Kata ganti yang diperlukan pada kalimat ini seharusnya kata ganti untuk subjek. Jadi them tidak tepat karena merupakan kata ganti untuk objek. Seharusnya yang digunakan adalah they.
14. Quasars, which relatively small objects, emit an enormous amount of energy.
Jawaban : A
Keyword : which relatively
Pembahasan : Karena adjective clause harus dalam bentuk klausa, seharusnya which are relatively.
15. The philanthropist did not feel sad when he donated his only to the museum.
Jawaban : D
Keyword : his only to the museum
Pembahasan : Possessive adjective harus diikuti noun. Jadi pilihan yang mungkin adalah his only money.
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